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Ida Nudel ((ヘブライ語:אידה נודל); (ロシア語:Ида Нудель)) (born April 27, 1931) is a former refusenik and an Israeli activist. She was known as the "Guardian Angel" for her efforts to help the "Prisoners of Zion" in the Soviet Union.〔 ==Biography== Nudel was born in 1931 in Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai, in the Russian SFSR. In 1970, she heard of the Dymshits-Kuznetsov hijacking affair, and decided to emigrate. She contacted a Jew named Vladimir Prestin, a known refusenik who was secretly teaching Hebrew.〔Segal (1996), pp. 67–68〕 In 1970 she first sought an exit visa to leave the USSR, saying she couldn't stand its discrimination against Jews. The authorities refused, saying she possessed state secrets she had learned working for the Moscow Institute of Planning and Production. Her sister, Elena, received permission to leave with her husband and son in 1972.〔Slater & Slater (2006), p. 192〕 In the summer of 1972 she organized a hunger strike at the central office of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to protest the arrest of refusenik Vladimir Markman. After four days, the police ended the strike by blocking their entry.〔Segal (1996), p. 69〕 She started a campaign for keeping contact with prisoners of Zion who called her "Mama" and "The angel of mercy".〔Slater & Slater (2006), pp. 192–193〕 She spread word about items the prisoners needed and were premitted to possess, and requested them from visitors from all over the world. These included vitamins, warm underwear and chocolate, as well as pens, cigarettes, and three-dimensional postcards, that could be exchanged with the guards for small favors.〔Segal (1996), p. 72〕 She soon lost her job. In June 1978 she placed a banner in her apartment in Moscow reading "KGB, give me my visa to Israel". She was sentenced to four years of internal exile.〔 She was sent to Krivosheino, on the River Ob, Siberia. For several months, she was the only woman in a factory dormitory, before finding herself a log hut and a job as a night guard at a truck yard. The KGB warned the residents of the village to stay away from her. She kept receiving letters of support and corresponding with prisoners of Zion. She was released on March 20, 1982, having been warned not to associate with any refuseniks or foreigners. After almost a year in constant movement as she wasn't allowed back to her flat in Moscow nor gain permit to live in any other place, she was permitted to live for five years in Bender, Moldova.〔 Since 1973 and for all those years her sister Elena Fridman conducted relentless struggle to save Ida's life and bring her to Israel. She approached, communicated and met any world leader who was willing to help the case. Significant contribution in organizing the struggle to free Ida was done by Peter Kraus. In April 1984, she was visited by Jane Fonda, which had been arranged by political activist and publicist Stephen Rivers.〔Chmielewski, Dawn C. ("Stephen M. Rivers dies at 55; Hollywood publicist and political activist" ), ''Los Angeles Times'', June 9, 2010. Accessed June 10, 2010.〕 The two struck a friendship and Fonda began a campaign for Nudel's release.〔Slater & Slater (2006), p. 193〕 Others involved in the campaign included Liv Ullman, and Israeli President, Chaim Herzog, left an empty place at his Passover table in her honor. On October 2, 1987, she was informed she had been granted an exit visa.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ida Nudel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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